Financial Markets (ECON 252) Banks, which were first created in primitive form by goldsmiths hundreds of years ago, have evolved into central economic institutions that manage the allocation of resources, channel information about productive activities, and offer the public convenient investment vehicles. Although there are several types of banking institutions, including credit unions and Saving and Loan Associations, commercial banks are the largest and most important in the banking system. Banks are designed to address three significant problems in capital markets: adverse selection, moral hazard, and liquidity. Banks make money by borrowing long and lending short and use fractional reserves to lend more funds than are deposited. History has seen numerous problems in banks, including bank runs and insolvency. Government support and regulation, such as those implemented via the Basel Accord, as well as rating agencies help to ensure that investors trust the banks with which they have relations. 00:00 – Chapter 1. On Andrew Redleaf: Reaping Rewards from Opportunities 11:06 – Chapter 2. The Origin of Banks, from Goldsmiths to Commercial Banks 25:29 – Chapter 3. Why Banks Exist: On Adverse Selection, Moral Hazard and Liquidity 37:15 – Chapter 4. Rating Agencies: Do They Work? 44:08 – Chapter 5. The Ongoing Fragility of Banks and Structures of Bank Regulation 58:17 – Chapter 6. The Subprime Crisis in the US and in Europe Complete course materials are available at the Open …
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